International Journal of Management studies and Social Science Research

1 Joy Philip Mshelmbula Ph.D.; 2 Bulus Pikitda Ph.D; 3 Comfort Iliya Ph.D.; 4 Mark Chukwuemeka Offiah

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2026.6301

ABSTRACT: Employee performance in the banking sector is critical for organizational competitiveness and service excellence. Emotional Intelligence (EI) has been identified as a key driver of workplace effectiveness, yet its impact may depend on the presence of Psychological Safety (PS). This study investigates the direct effect of EI on employee performance and the mediating role of PS among employees of commercial banks in Jos, Nigeria. Adopting a quantitative, cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 450 employees across five major banks using structured questionnaires. PLS-SEM via SEMinR was employed for data analysis. Findings are expected to demonstrate that EI positively influences employee performance and that PS partially mediates this relationship, highlighting the importance of fostering emotionally intelligent behaviours and psychologically safe environments in banking institutions. The study provides theoretical and managerial implications for enhancing employee engagement, collaboration, and productivity in high-pressure service environments.

Keyword: Emotional Intelligence, Psychological Safety, Employee Performance, Nigerian Banking Sector, PLS-SEM

1 Ekerette Alfred Esu; 2 Sunday Effiong Ibanga, PhD; 3 Ofonmbuk Etido Atakpa, PhD

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2026.6302

ABSTRACT: Staff promotion is a crucial factor for achieving performance to accomplish organisational goals. Low promotion or complete lack of promotion in an organisation can lead to inefficiency, fraud, corruption, absenteeism and indiscipline at work. This study examined the effect of promotion on employee performance in Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Ikot Ekpene, Nigeria. The descriptive survey using a structured questionnaire was adopted. The population of the study was 780, comprising academic staff, non-academic staff and student union leaders of the Polytechnic. Taro Yamane's method of selecting sample size was relied upon to choose the 265-sample size employed for the study. Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient analysis was used for analysing the hypotheses of the study. The findings revealed that promotion has a significant effect on employees’ performance. Hence, promotion played a major role in employee performance in Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua. It was recommended, among others, that the management of Akwa Ibom State Polytechnics should ensure that promotion comes with all promotion benefits as due. Also, the management of Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic should ensure that promotions are based on merit and as when due.

Keyword: Motivation, promotion, performance, organisation, Polytechnic.

1 Jessa Y. Torres & 2 Amelie E. Trinidad, EdD

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2026.6303

ABSTRACT: This study explored the perspectives of Grade 2 teachers in addressing the reading comprehension challenges of struggling learners in the Santa Maria West District, Davao Occidental Division. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive research design, data were collected through interviews to capture teachers’ observations, instructional practices, and insights within their natural classroom settings. Anchored on the Simple View of Reading and Scarborough’s Reading Rope, the study examined comprehension as influenced by linguistic, cognitive, instructional, and systemic factors. Findings revealed that learners experience significant difficulties in vocabulary development, word recognition, and higher-order comprehension skills such as sequencing, retelling, and inferencing. Language barriers were evident, as many learners demonstrated greater proficiency in Bisaya and Filipino than in English, often resulting in disengagement and low participation during classroom activities. To address these challenges, teachers implemented scaffolded and adaptive strategies, including guided reading, differentiated instruction, translanguaging, vocabulary enrichment, and the use of visual and interactive materials to enhance engagement. However, systemic constraints such as limited instructional time, insufficient professional training, lack of structured literacy programs, and minimal parental involvement hindered the effectiveness of these interventions. Teachers emphasized the importance of sustained institutional support through targeted professional development, adequate resource allocation, school-wide literacy initiatives, and strengthened family engagement. The study proposes a contextualized literacy support framework integrating teacher capacity building, structured instructional resources, and collaborative partnerships to improve literacy outcomes.

Keyword: reading comprehension, struggling learners, instructional strategies, translanguaging, literacy suppor

1 Konstantinos Karampelas; 2 Vasileios Vlassas; 3 Rossetos Metzitakos

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2026.6304

ABSTRACT: The Gulf War (1990–1991) marked a turning point in both post-Cold War international politics and the evolving relationship between warfare, mass media, and public opinion. This study examines the role of propaganda and information operations in legitimizing the military intervention carried out by the U.S.-led international coalition and analyzes the broader impact of the conflict on global tourism. Employing a qualitative literature review and historical-analytical approach, the study draws upon Harold D. Lasswell’s theory of propaganda and Herman and Chomsky’s Propaganda Model as its primary theoretical frameworks. Particular attention is given to the mechanisms through which public opinion was shaped, the role of mass media, the contribution of public relations firms, and the communicative exploitation of military technology. In addition, the study investigates the economic and social consequences of the conflict for international tourism, including declines in tourist flows, losses within the aviation sector, and changes in travel behavior driven by heightened perceptions of risk. The findings suggest that propaganda functioned not merely as a supportive element of military operations but as a crucial instrument of political legitimization and international consensus-building. Furthermore, the conflict generated significant disruptions within the global tourism industry, highlighting the sector’s vulnerability to geopolitical crises and security-related concerns. The study concludes that the Gulf War served as a precursor to contemporary forms of information warfare, in which control over information and public perception has become as strategically important as military power itself.

Keyword: Gulf War, propaganda, information warfare, mass media, public opinion, tourism, political communication, international relations.

1 Dr. Prashant Singh; 2 Shubham Dhuriya*

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2026.6305

ABSTRACT: India's economic structure is marked by a large unorganised sector, where limited access to formal finance continues to restrict the growth of micro and small enterprises. In such a setting, financial inclusion emerges as a key instrument for inclusive development, particularly for entrepreneurs facing constraints related to collateral, credit history, and information asymmetry. These constraints tend to affect women, rural households, and socially disadvantaged groups more acutely. The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY), launched in 2015, was introduced to address these barriers by providing collateral-free credit to non-corporate, non-farm enterprises through Shishu, Kishor, and Tarun loan categories. This study employs a descriptive research design based exclusively on secondary data obtained from official government sources, including PMMY reports, Reserve Bank of India publications, and policy documents for the period 2015–2025. The analysis focuses on trends in loan distribution across categories, regional patterns of credit access, and the demographic composition of beneficiaries. Rather than establishing causal relationships, the study seeks to identify broad structural features of public collateral-free lending. The findings indicate a steady expansion of MUDRA credit over the decade, alongside a gradual shift toward higher-value Kishor and Tarun loans, which may suggest enterprise progression for a segment of borrowers. However, credit penetration remains uneven across states, reflecting differences in institutional outreach and local economic conditions. The scheme shows strong participation by women and socially disadvantaged groups, aligning with its inclusion objectives. Overall, the analysis suggests that collateral-free public credit can support financial inclusion, although complementary measures such as financial literacy and enterprise support remain important for sustaining long-term outcomes

Keyword: Financial Inclusion; Collateral-Free Credit; MUDRA Loans; Micro-Enterprises; Public Credit Policy