International Journal of Management studies and Social Science Research

Christopher Ifeakachukwu Ochonogor & Emmanuel Thompson Iheoma

ABSTRACT:The objectives of some development programmes that are meant to improve the living standards of the people in developing countries have not been achieved because many of the targeted populations failed to understand the importance of such programmes to their lives and so do not participate. This study examined the influence of media agenda-setting in creating awareness, and influencing the adoption of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) among residents of Benue State of Nigeria. The study adopted the media agenda-setting theory, media dependency theory and development media theory as theoretical foundations for the study. The research utilized the survey research design, using a set of questionnaire as the research instrument to generate data from a sample of 384 drawn from residents of Benue State. The data analysis was done using the simple percentage and frequency distribution table and the weighted mean score (WMS. The findings show that although the mass media exerted influence on few of the residents most of the residents were not aware of Goals7-17 of the SDGs. They also indicated that residents participated as well as keyed into predominantly in Goals 1-5 out of the 17 SDGs. In view of this, it was recommended that for media agenda to trickle down to the target people, there should be a strategic and systematic media strategy that will sensitize and mobilise the masses to participate in the outlined objectives for the attainment of the SDGs in the state. it is also important that messages of the goals should be adapted into local languages in the state to sensitize the rural dwellers.

Keyword:Agenda-Setting, attainment, participation, Media, Sustainable Development Goals

Georgios D. Papagiannis

ABSTRACT:The basic key competencies that European citizens should have as part of a lifelong learning context were first identified in 2006 by the European Framework on Key Competences for Lifelong Learning. The skills of this Framework are also included in the New Skills Agenda for Lifelong Learning which was adopted in 2016. Entrepreneurship is among the eight basic key competencies listed in this European Framework. The cultivation of entrepreneurship through education and the support of teachers have been, according to European education policy documents, key priorities for the last several years. The role of entrepreneurship is also emphasized as particularly important in achieving European goals, including the creation of a competitive knowledge-based economy with sustainable economic growth and social cohesion. Thus, this article presents entrepreneurship as part of the key competences for lifelong learning as well as the opportunities provided, through the entrepreneurship education programs in Greece, for the cultivation of entrepreneurship in young people. Finally, some research results, regarding the demand and the participation in entrepreneurship training programs of Greek universities, during the period of economic crisis, are also presented

Keyword:entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship education, key competences, lifelong learning

1 ADEKOYA, A. Augustine, 2 OLAOYE, A. Samuel, 3 LAWAL, A. Babatunde

ABSTRACT:Administering the Informal Sector (IS) for tax purposes and ensuring IS Tax Compliance (TC) has become a focus of attention by scholars and policy makers in recent time because of IS relevance to countries and its revenue generation potentials. Although, IS Tax Administration (TA) poses some difficulties due to administrative challenges and cost implications, incomplete records of account and nature of business activities which has led to high rate of Tax Evasion and Fraud (TEF).Researchers had conducted study on IS with less focus on TA and TEF. It is against this background that the study examined IS TA and ways of reducing IS TEF in Nigeria. Exploratory research design was employed with emphasis on literatures in the area of accounting and taxation. The study concluded that a good IS TA will reduces administrative time, provide a robust IS taxpayers database while adoption of technology will reduce the incidence of TEF, enhance tax burden redistribution, increase accountability and transparency with a qualitative tax service. The study recommends that government should ensure provision of economic and social needs of the citizens with tax collections; this will enhance the standard of living of the citizens and propel Voluntary Tax Compliance (VTC). Appropriate monitoring of the IS for TC should be carried out while a special tax court should be established for instant tax justice on tax defaulters. In addition, there should be need for IS taxpayers Tax Identification Number and tax laws simplifications in order to promote VTC.

Keyword:Accountability, Informal sector, Tax Administration, Tax compliance, Tax evasion and fraud, Transparency

Manola Maria & Mitoulas k. Nikolaos

ABSTRACT:The history of children's books begins manyyears before. The creation of child heroes and characters gave birth to some legends over the years who still maintain their name at high levels of readers. The reputation of some characters didn’t stay only in the books, but expended and in other domains of projection, like the movie, theater and television. The phenomenon of some characters came with the creation of theme parks. The most popular heroes have the honor to "live" in their own theme parks. The purpose of this project is to study theme parks that are dedicated to children’s book heroes. Analyzing the parks of Pinocchio, Asterix, Harry Potter and Popeye as case studies, it aims to highlight and demonstrate the educational and cultural importance of comics to all ages.

Keyword:theme parks, comics, education, culture, literature, Pinocchio, Asterix, Harry Potter, Popeye.

1 Victoria S. Umana, Ph.D, 2 Victor A. Umoh, Ph.D, 3 Eno M. Iwok

ABSTRACT:This study analysed the perception of employees’ on human resource management practices and entrepreneurial behaviour of employees in insurance businesses in Nigeria. This study was a survey with questionnaire as the primary instrument. The study’s population was a census of 96 permanent employees of six insurance businesses in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The study achieved 71% response rate. Data were analysed using simple linear regressions. Findings of the study showed that human resource management practices in insurance businesses in Nigeria have a significant influence on employees' risk taking behaviour (Beta = 0.237, t= 4.558 P< 0.05);results also indicate that human resource management practices in insurance businesses in Nigeria have no significant influence on employees’ innovative behaviour (Beta = 0.167, t= 1.653 P> 0.05) and employees' proactiveness (Beta = 0.207, t= 1.899 P>0.05). It was recommended that there was a need for insurance businesses in Nigeria to be more intense in creating entrepreneurial culture by programming employees’ minds toward entrepreneurial values such as innovativeness, proactiveness and risk taking. It was recommended that recruitment and selection consider entrepreneurial behaviours while successful candidates and existing staff members should undergo periodic capacity building exposure in support of entrepreneurial behaviours; it was also recommended that there was need to have in place appropriate compensation scheme that incentivizes employees to be entrepreneurial, take ownership of assigned jobs and display loyalty towards the business of their employer; it was recommended that training and development programmes target helping employees recognize their entrepreneurial potential and develop skills to capitalize on such potential to support the business of their employer; the study also recommended that performance management programmes focus on how to guide, reinforce and help employees identify their entrepreneurial ability so as to utilize same in making contributions to the business of their employer.

Keyword:Human Resource Management Practices, Entrepreneurial Behaviour, Employees, Insurance businesses, Nigeria.

Jefferson S. Marcelo 1 , Eunice G. Parco 2, Keith Louise Golpere 3

ABSTRACT:The use of tricycle has become the mode of transportation in most developing cities of the world. Tricycle (motorized and non-motorized) is the prime mode of intra-city transportation. Public transportation performs a lot of functions for passengers. It enhances the quality of life in societies on condition that it provides safe, efficient and inexpensive transportation services. This study focused on the acceptability of electric tricycle as public transportation. It also aimed to answer all questions that may arise during the research. The opportunity of implementing electronic tricycle at Bonifacio Global City to local and foreign passengers can finally get rid of their phobia of the word “surge”. They’ll be able to commute more hassle-free since they will have less worry about the monstrous traffic and exorbitant parking fees just to move around the area. Moreover, they need not panic if they find out they don’t have enough cash to commute. This is to lessen their daily cost of transportation and to allow them to move around the area in a more convenient way. The researcher used descriptive and quantitative type of research method. This method involves the collection of data in order to test the hypothesis and to answer questions concerning current status of the subject of the study. The researcher used a purposive sampling technique with the total number of 100 respondents. The researchers focused on the level of acceptability of electric tricycle as public transportation at Bonifacio Global City basis for its implementation. The research conducted shows that the acceptability of electric tricycle as public transportation in Bonifacio Global City is highly acceptable. The research shows that e-trike is convenient, safe to use as transportation, and can boost touristic experience in the city.

Keyword:transportation, safety, security, convenience, cost, eco-friendly, sustainable

Lucio Muñoz*

ABSTRACT:Perfect markets have a knowledge base that supports their model structure, their choice structure, and their price structure. In the case of red socialism markets, a one dominant component based market, the knowledge base is red socialism a la Karl Marx or pure red socialism. In the case of the traditional market, another one dominant component market, the knowledge base is micro-economic and macro-economic thinking or pure capitalism thinking. And in the case of environmentally friendly capitalism or green market, a two dominant component based market, the knowledge base is green micro-economic and green macro-economic thinking. We know that one dominant component based markets are linked to a related two component based markets by sustainability gaps. For example, the red socialism market is linked to red markets by an economic sustainability gap; and traditional markets are linked to the green market by an environmental sustainability gap. And when sustainability gaps are closed, then paradigms shift from one dominant component market such as the traditional market to a two dominant component market such as a green market creating paradigm shift knowledge gaps in the process, in this case traditional market led green market paradigm shift knowledge gaps, which can affect the proper handling of the expected paradigm shift such as the expected shift from pure capitalism to environmentally friendly capitalism or green markets under environmental sustainability pressures as it seems to have been the case in 2012 Rio + 20. And this raises the questions, how are green market paradigm shift knowledge gaps created from the pure capitalism angle? In which ways can they lead to the mishandling of the expected paradigm shift from pure capitalism to environmentally friendly capitalism? Among the goals of this paper are to provide answers to those questions, analytically and graphically.

Keyword:Sustainability, red socialism market, traditional market, red market, paradigm shift, sustainability gap, economic sustainability gap, social sustainability gap, environmental sustainability gap, green market, knowledge gap, Adam Smith, Karl Marx, paradigm flip, social externality management, environmental externality management

OKOYE, ANTHONIA CHINYERE (Ph.D)

ABSTRACT:Business education is a functional programme of study introduced into tertiary education curriculum to enhance the nation’s economic development. The programme since its inception is witnessing some setbacks that make it difficult to fulfill its basic aim of enhancing economic development. This paper tries to look at sustainable business education and strategies for achieving sustainable business education. The paper also looks at concept of strategy, sustainability, concepts of development and economic development and aims of business education. Finally, conclusions were made.

Keyword:Strategy, Sustainability, Business Education, Economic Development.

1 Aiyesimoju, A. B.,2 Folayan, B. J. and 3 Akintayo, A. O.

ABSTRACT:Gender inequality has remained significant, despite several international efforts at reducing it. Some socio-economic factors responsible for this are religion, tradition and poverty. Female Genital Mutilation, a practice that involves altering or injuring the female genitalia for non-medical reasons, which has been declared against in the 2012 General Assembly of the United Nations still thrives in Nigeria. Globally, it is estimated that about 140 million girls and women alive have undergone FGM. If current trends continue, 15 million additional girls between ages 15 and 19 may be subjected to it by 2030. Girl-child marriages still happen in Nigeria despite extant legislations against it. Discrimination against women in workplaces and on the political landscape is still on. Hence, this study looks at the instrumentality of the social media in addressing these challenges especially because of its advocacy outlook as well as spreading ubiquity. The development of social media has made sharing of information much more seamless perhaps as a result of its features especially the interactive ones such as the ability to respond, share, comment, critique, change, add to information and even clarify issues. This study examines the diffusion of New Media platforms and how they are being used possibly in addition to mainstream media outlets with anchorage on convergence technologies by individuals, groups and organizations to address these psychosocial issues. It was discovered that social media play very integral roles in impacting the grassroots and mass mobilization towards social development especially as some categories of users, based on the information harnessed from the #EndFGMng, #EndFGM, #childnotbride volunteered to further disseminate such messages to stakeholders with the aim of achieving behavioral change and refined social thinking.

Keyword:Social Media, New Media, Mainstream Media, Convergence Technology, Psychosocial Challenges, Gender-related biases, #EndFGMng, #EndFGM, #childnotbride

Lia Uzliawati 1, Widya Nur Bhakti Pertiwi 2

ABSTRACT:This study aims to find a strategy to develop tourist destinations in Kasemen, Serang. Research methodology is descriptive with SWOT analysis. by conducting internal analysis (strengths and weaknesses), as well as external analysis (opportunities and threats) faced by tourism in Kasemen Serang . The data was collected by means of in-depth interviews with the community in 10 villages located in Kasemen, Serang. Based on the results of the analysis using the SWOT analysis method, it can be concluded that internal and external factors affect the level of tourist visits in Kasemen Serang.

Keyword:tourism, management, economic, development strategy

Regina Acholonu, PhD & Clara Ochiabutor, PhD

ABSTRACT:Gender inequality in inheritance rights still remains an unresolved issue in many parts of Africa due to the well-entrenched patrilineal characteristics of the socio-economic and cultural practices in these areas. This is the situation in Igbo land, an ethnic group of the South Eastern Nigeria. There can be no peace in any community where disparity in inheritance rights holds sway. This paper therefore examines the issue of land tenure system in Igbo land with its attendant gender inequality and the responsibilities of the mass media. It adopted the descriptive methodology, utilizing some published journals, text books, other published and unpublished materials. The study finds expression in the symbolic interactionism theory. It concludes that the mass media have tremendous responsibilities to play in the elimination of land inheritance discriminations against women. Considerable evidence has shown that broadcasters and editors play an important part in shaping our social reality as they go about their business of selecting what is to be disseminated as news to the public. In short, the mass media may not be successful in telling us what to think but they are stunningly successful in telling us what to think about. The implication of this statement is that the media through their news selection determine how much importance to attach to a given issue. This no doubt is the role of the media to bring to the attention of the public issues that are of tremendous importance, thereby eliciting some degree of sympathy or empathy from the masses in order to winfavourableadvantage in their mind concerning such topical issues. The study therefore recommends that the issue of land tenure system and gender inequality in Igbo land should receive more attention in the media coverage if the goal of peaceful co-existence and harmony is to be actualized.

Keyword:Land Tenure, Gender, Inequality, Media.

*1OLUKA, Nduka Lucas, 2ATIVIE, C. Ailende, & 3AGBEFE, Sebastine

ABSTRACT:This study argues that while many advanced democracies of the global system like the United States of America (USA), the United Kingdom (UK), France, etc., made concerted efforts to ensure citizens were duly protected from the Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic through such preventive policy options as the suspension of public events and the closure of businesses and schools, they recorded no violations of human rights. On the other hand, transitional democracies of the states of Africa were involved in forceful enforcement of such policies through the use of state security agents to enforce similar preventive measures during the period of the lockdown. Unfortunately, the security agents in Africa engaged in all manners of violation of the rights of the citizens in the process of ensuring compliance with the COVID-19 protocols. Following the stated objectives of this study, this paper adopted the historical design of research which is qualitative and explorative. This implied that the study relied extensively on secondary source of data via the survey of textbooks, journal publications, reports from national dailies and periodicals, government official documents and Internet sources. The study found out that a number of national governments in Africa lost focus in the period of the pandemic. Rather than providing adequate healthcare services and palliatives to cushion the effects of spread of the virus in the period of lockdown, many security agents of government became involved in corrupt practices as they introduced brutal modes of enforcing COVID-19 protocols, using security personnel. The research recommended an efficient and effective independent public complaints desk and hotline phone numbers which may be provided for citizens, to immediately report suspected cases of the virus ,on the one hand, while, on the other, abuses of human rights and other forms of challenges which relate to COVID-19 situation must be assiduously checked. Again, men from the security agencies must be made to face proper prosecution and, adequate punishment meted out if cases of abuse and violations of human rights are founded among security operatives. Overall, the paper recommended steps which must be taken by governments in Africa to avoid re-occurrences of human rights violations in the continent.

Keyword:African Government Policies, Security Agencies, Coronavirus, COVID-19 Pandemic, Human Rights, Human Rights Violations.

AMUNNADI, CHUKWUDI ANI (Ph.D)

ABSTRACT:We are living in an age of growing threat to peace, of tragic escalation of poverty, and humanly imposed suffering driven by expanding coast of corruption, oppression and violence. The above scenario no doubt has made the issue of human rights issues a global struggle. However, the Nigeria situation which has made it to be ranked among the world capital of poverty driven nations in terms of the abuse of human rights globally raise a concern that should be the concern of all her citizenry. This work therefore seeks to examine human rights and social justice abuse in Nigeria and their theological challenges.

Keyword:Human rights, Social justice, Theology, Development, Society, Structures, Ideology.

Mitevska, Mayiana & Filipov, Ventsislav

ABSTRACT:Factors that influence the level of self-security concerns tested are tracked as a pre-ктор variable when studying people's public behaviour. For this purpose, the generalized expectations (optimism and negative expectations) for the valence of the results obtained are also examined. The survey was conducted among 30 men and 76 women aged 26-65 between October May and July 2020. Methods have been applied for assessing the level of tested concerns about the own security of Radoslavova, M., A. Velichkov /2003/ and for examining the optimism and negative expectations of Radoslavova, M., A. Velichkov Rasheva, M., /1993/. Several statistical methods and procedures have been used to establish relationships and influences in the surveyed constructs, including demographic variables such as gender, age, education, total work experience and traineeship in the specific workplace, position and study period /2003. – 2020/. The data was processed with SPSS-21. The results showed in surveyed individuals from an age range under 29, single, with a bachelor's degree and a master's degree, had relatively low levels of anxiety and higher levels of optimism.

Keyword:concerns about self-security, optimism, negative expectations.

MAYIANA MITEVSKA, VENTSISLAV FILIPOV

ABSTRACT:The dominant cultural practices and the value preferences for the type of organizational culture in Bulgarian organizations are investigated. The survey was conducted among 103 people - 51 employees from a private and 52 from a government organization at the time of Covid-19 in early 2020, of which men - 63.3%, women - 36.7%, aged 26 to 55 years. The main goal of the research is to establish the value preferences for the types of cultures, as well as the dominant cultural practices in Bulgarian organizations during Covid-19. The model for studying Hofstede's cultural practices, adapted by Sonya Karabelova for the Bulgarian socio-cultural context, is applied, where the dominant cultural practices in the dimensions "distance to power", "individualismcollectivism", "avoidance of uncertainty" are analyzed. Cameron and Quinn's OCAI was also used to study value preferences for the type of culture: hierarchical, adhocratic, market, clan. The data were processed in SPSS var. 21 and for the analysis regression was applied. The results show significant variations in the dimensions of the studied cultural practices and dominant value preferences for the clan type of culture, followed by the hierarchical, market and adhocratic ones.

Keyword:organizational culture, cultural practices, Bulgarian organizations, Covid-19.

Dr (Mrs.) Adikwu, Victoria Ogwa

ABSTRACT:The study examined family factor as predicators of student enrolment in secondary in Benue State. The study was a descriptive survey. The population of the study comprised 91 principals and 1,202 public secondary school teachers in zone B Senatorial District of Benue State. Out of the population, sample of 27 principals and 297 teachers were selected through stratified random sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection was 17 item questionnaires. Data collected were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and t-test. The findings of the study show that family size predicate students enrolment in secondary schools in Benue state. The result of the study also reveals that economic status of parents influence students enrolment in secondary schools. It was recommended that government and financial institutions should provide Nigerian families with micro-finance to enable families invest in business irrespective of the family. It was also recommended that self-employment opportunity should be created for families for income generation. This can enhance economic status of the family.

Keyword:Family, Students, Enrolment and secondary schools

Dr. (Mrs.). Adikwu Victoria Ogwa

ABSTRACT:This study examined guidance and counseling services as a coping strategy for security management in Nigeria. The paper argued that guidance and counseling services can curb insecurity in Nigeria. It argued that there are there three major forms of insecurity in Nigeria. They various forms identified were reviewed. The study revealed that cousellors must play a role of career counseling and information counseling to create awareness on national and sensitive issues. The paper concluded that attachment theoretical model of psychotherapy can be applied in solving insecurity problems in Nigeria.

Keyword:Guidance, counselling, security and management

Sergio Garcia, Ed.D., Velma Menchaca, Ph.D., Alejandro Garcia, Ed.D

ABSTRACT:Policymakers and the public see standardized tests as simple quantifiable measures of school quality and student learning, and they assume that highs takes tests will influence teachers and students to try harder and that the results will be used rationally to benefit all students. This qualitative study explore show the high stakes testing in Texas urban school district have influenced elementary principals ‘approach to preparing students for standardized tests. Research findings revealed that the elementary principals dealt with the following themes while coping with high stakes testing: stress, preparation, and collaboration.

Keyword:High Stakes Testing, Leadership

Veronica Ibitola MAKINDE

ABSTRACT:This study investigated the sexual behaviour and Knowledge of contraceptive use among male and female adolescents in Akure metropolis of Ondo State. The study also investigated the influence of parental control on adolescents’ sexual behaviour as viewed by the adolescents themselves. The subjects used for the study were 300 students selected using stratified random sampling technique from 10 secondary schools in Akure Metropolis of Ondo State. The instrument, a self-designed questionnaire titled Sexual Behaviour and Contraceptive Use Questionnaire and validated by a test expert was administered personally by the researcher. The researcher postulated three hypotheses and tested them at 0.05 level of significance. The data collected were analyzed using t-test. Results of the findings revealed that there were significant differences in the three hypotheses tested. Boys were more involved in Sexual behaviour than girls. Although, this may be as a result of cultural restrictiveness on sex where girls may refuse to tell the truth of their sexual activities for fear of stigmatization. Hence the null hypotheses were rejected. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among other things that sex education should be introduced into the Senior Secondary School curriculum. Counsellors should emphasize behavioural counselling techniques for modification of students’ anti – social behaviour like premarital sex. Moral instruction and health talk should be organised by School Counsellors to ensure that the students know the consequences of pre-marital sexual activities and contraceptive use.

Keyword:Sexual Behaviour, Contraceptives Use, In-School Adolescent, Counselling Intervention, Contraception.

Anuradha P.A.N.S.

ABSTRACT:Regional financial integration enables the attractiveness of that particular region to external investors. High financial integration limits the gains from international portfolio diversification, which encourages investors to focus on less integrated regions for their diversification purposes and the region would become more appealing to foreign investors. This paper investigates the financial integration of the Colombo Stock Exchange with the seven developed stock markets, USA, UK, Japan, China, Hong Kong, Canada, and Germany for the seven years from 2010.Thelongterm relationships are tested by using Johansen’s co integration test. Impulse response function analyses use to identify the short-term integration of the Colombo stock exchange with other developed stock markets. Findings confirm both the long-term and short-term financial integration of the Colombo Stock Exchange with the seven developed stock markets. Hence international portfolio diversification in Colombo Stock Exchange for investors in the USA, UK, Japan, Hong Kong, Canada, and Germany will not be provided additional benefits. The existence of financial integration relationships generates some challenges for policymakers because it enhances the competitiveness and efficiency among regional and global stock markets. Policymakers should consider integration levels among countries to protect and recover their markets from shocks that arise in foreign countries.

Keyword:Financial integration, Johansen’s co integration test, Colombo Stock Exchange, Developed stock markets

Merri Hafni and Sairah Sairah

ABSTRACT:The aims of this study to describe the post-death stress of a partner and the coping strategies used by working single mothers. The research approach used a qualitative descriptive with a case study design. Characteristics of single mothers, who working and having children. Data obtained through interviews with the relevant participants along with significant other interviews. The data analysis in this research is thematic data analysis technique. The results showed that the participants experienced stress symptoms in the form of increased blood pressure, frequent postponement of work, irritability, diet changes, and sleep disturbances. The source of stress for each part is an depreciation of economic, social, and psychological resources. The stress coping strategies used by the participants included; planful problem solving, confrontative, seeking for social support, distance, escape/ avoidance, positive response, self-control, and acceptance responsibility.

Keyword:coping stress, working single mother, post-death stress of a partner

Ndah Grimbald & Dr. Francis Mbah Takwi

ABSTRACT:The purpose of this article is to consider the concept and ‘magical role’ of charisma in leadership, power and control in the realisation of an expected or long awaited outcome by the followers (or sufferers) in a situation of distress. Charisma can be used by the leader in restraining evil and in promoting good and effective leadership for the common good of man and/or the general interest of society. In this article, the “interpretative study of concepts” method developed by Takala and Lämsä is used. A well known characteristic in interpretative research based on naturally occurring data is that the data exist regardless of the researcher, and the researcher does not interact with the producer of the data. The result of this study for example, is that a practical implication of pure personal charisma has been demonstrated in various ways (Schweitzer, A., 1974) and how such gifts can be used by modern leaders or corporate managers to achieve long awaited results. Max Weber invokes a ‘spiritual’ or ‘super natural’ concept of charisma and explores how it can be used by those who wield such ‘rare gifts’ to improve or mar the prevailing situation of their people under context. Plato adds that’s charisma is something mystical which cannot be obtained by force or by training. It is of divine origin. Investigating the role of charisma in leadership can offer useful information and insights for clarifying certain corporate and political concepts and can help to shape the development of future theory as well as the procedure for data collection and testing.

Keyword:Charisma, Leader, Power, Leadership

Lucio Muñoz*

ABSTRACT:It can be said that the world of normal democratic outcomes that existed before 2016 Brexit/Brexism and USEXIT/Trumpism was flipped outside down as well as traditional democratic thinking. A world where the majority view rules under the constant watch of an independent judiciary was changed by a world where the view of the minority rules in constant fight with the independent judiciary with the goal of seeking loyalty to party/individual, instead of loyalty to the country/democracy. Even though Brexit came 2016 and persisted to today and Trumpism came in 2016 and faded it in 2020 there is no clear understanding of how they come to exist and why they persist or fail to persist as this knowledge falls outside traditional democratic and political thinking. Hence there is the need of new ideas on how the majority rule based liberal democracy model can be framed so that it can help us to understand how all possible democratic outcomes consistent with it can come to exist and persist at all costs, so we can capture the dynamics of normal and extreme democratic forces as they compete to outdo each other to exist and persist, one with the best interest of the majority in mind and the other with the best interest of the minority at heart. This understanding can give us real clues about what needs to be done right now to protect and improved the democracies in which we live in to keep them away from authoritarianism forces. Among the goals of this paper is to point out how a general majority rule based liberal democracy model can be stated step by step and how it can be linked to normal democratic outcome and extreme democratic outcome dynamics in terms of how they come to exist and persist.

Keyword:Normal democratic outcome, extreme democratic outcome, liberal democracy, normal liberal democracy, extreme liberal democracy, Brexism, Trumpism, no complacency, full true majority complacency, targeted chaos, effective targeted chaos, ineffective targeted chaos, true democracy, authoritarianism, temporary authoritarianism, permanent authoritarianism.

Alfred Nicklawus and Marcel Papka Agah

ABSTRACT:This study was carried out to assess the utilization of micro-teaching laboratory on Mathematics performance for the training of teachers in Faculty of Education, Adamawa State University, Mubi. The study adopted quasi-experimental design. The instrument used for this research work was an achievement test designed on mathematics known as Mathematic Achievement Test (MAT). The Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT) was used as pretest, to establish the group equivalence of the experimental and control groups. The instrument for data collection was validated, in the initial draft of the instrument were submitted to expert in the department of Science Education in Adamawa State University Mubi. The analysis involved statistical testing of the hypotheses stated in the study. The level of significance adopted was P < 0.05. The 0.05 level of significance forms the basis for retaining or rejecting each hypothesis.The data was obtained on the achievement of students exposed to the use of microteaching laboratory (X1) and those not exposed to the use of microteaching laboratory (X2). The analysis reflects students’ academic achievement scores in the pre-test and post-test administered to them. Findings showed that the skills of the use of instructional materials acquired during the microteaching significantly and positively impacted the students’ ability to use instructional materials during teaching practice. The study therefore recommends that the period of microteaching should be extended so that student teachers will be able to have adequate time to teach all the subjects and familiarise themselves with the class.

Keyword:Mathematics, Micro teaching, Performance, Teaching Skills, Teachers.

Y. D. Cisneros-Reyes

ABSTRACT:Internationalization of firms has been profusely studied to identify and understand the variables, stages and elements which promote or inhibit the consolidation of this process. Uppsala Model was proposed to explain the firms’ internationalization path in terms of variables of Change and State. Since its apparition in 1977, it was designed to be a general rather than exhaustive list of variables considered important by the auhors, Johanson and Vahlne. During this 4 decades the world business has been constantly evolving, thus the Uppsala Model has been revised several times; however, this paper is focused on presenting the versions of 1977, 2009 and 2017 to contrast the original version and 2 most modern ones offering a more visible appreciation of its evolution. As a result of this literature review, it is concluded that Uppsala Model has been important for the internationalization theory considering not only the quantity of updates and incorporation of new and relevant elements of the world businesses but also the additional research emerged from their proposals. The most important is the prevalence in the Model of the person, as the central element which, ultimately leads and develops the present and future variables of State and Change. Finally, the value of the Uppsala Model is found in its dynamic orientation to both, internal and external enterprise’s processes, as well as to the challenges generally faced by international firms.

Keyword:Uppsala Model, change, state, internationalization

Edi Siregar

ABSTRACT:The purpose of this research is to see the direct and significant effect on work placement and workload on staff performance through competence as the intervening variable. This research is using cencus method 83 sample correspondents of the Secretariat Directorate General of Community Development Secretariat. Data this research were questionnaires and observations. Data analysis in this research is path analysis and is processed with SPSS version 22. This research concludes that work placement has a direct and significant effect on competence, workload has a direct and significant effect on competence, work placement has no direct and no significant effect on performance, workload has a direct and significant effect on performance, competence has no direct and no significant effect on performance, work placement has an indirect effect on employee performance through competence, and workload does not directly affect staff performance through competence.

Keyword:Work Placement, Workload, Competency and Employee Performance

E.A.N.Koushalya & Dr.P.D.V.Charika Wickramarathne

ABSTRACT:: Recreation is an activity of leisure and the refreshment of mind and body. Recreational activities are essential for healthy physical and social development. It has been observed that recreation activities accumulate under such headings as active-passive, closed-open, or mental-physical recreation activity patterns. Accordingly this research and, through this literature review it is evident that recreation patterns had been done decades ago and There were many Asian country's leisure time spares with recreational activities altogether. Objectives of this study to identify recreation patterns in ancient Asian countries and to recognize the most popular ancient recreation patterns in Asian countries. This research is qualitative observation because this research does not involve measurements or numbers but instead, characteristics, and its main purpose is to identify past recreational activities. Secondary data and information are collecting through literature were identified and also all concepts were constructed through literature review. Following a literary review system that helps gather information from contemporary books, reports, magazine articles, textbooks, and other academic work. Through this literature review identified that there were few recreation activities in countries with a short history and that there were a large number of recreation activities in countries with a long history.

Keyword:Recreation, Recreation Activity patterns, Ancient Asian Countries

Archielyn A. Semanero, Ma.Ed, LPT, Ph.D (cand.) and Sir Dr. Benedict DC. David, KCR, Ph.D, DHC, CA

ABSTRACT: It is clearly visible that the present COVID-19 pandemic has brought extraordinary challenges and has affected the educational sectors. The Department of Education being the pillars of literacy or Filipino children does the necessary innovations and interventions to continue the learning despite pandemic. The department is indeed eager to address the challenges in the basic education for the school year 2020-2021 through its Basic Education Learning Continuity Plan (BE-LCP) under DepEd Order No. 012, s. 2020. This is also the grass root of the rise of different teaching modality in the absence of face to face. Modular distance learning is one of the most widely used teaching modality in the country. This type of teaching modality features individualized instruction that allows learners to use printed self-learning modules (SLMs) which are made aligned to Most Essential Learning Competencies that are applicable to the learners.

Keyword:Learning, Asynchronous Learning, Collaborations, Strategic Learning